Nourishing and maintaining the connective tissue (cartilage) in our joints are essential to maintaining flexibility, exercising comfortably, and recovering effectively. Three high-quality ingredients are combined in SynovX Recovery to promote joint health and assist with recovery from temporary joint discomfort due to occasional overexertion or intensive activity.*
CS b-Bioactive® Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the body. GAGs are the principal components of cartilage and synovial fluid. CS is thought to enhance joint health by supporting endogenous synthesis and preventing degradation of other joint GAGs. Oral administration of CS (800-1200 mg/d) has proven to positively influence brain response to patellar pressure, joint space width, joint comfort, and fluid accumulation.[1-5] Total Joint provides 1200 mg of CS in the recommended four-capsule-per-day dosage.*
The pharmaceutical grade, low-molecular–weight CS in CS b-Bioactive has demonstrated higher bioavailability[6] and greater biological activity[7] than other CS sources. CS b-Bioactive is the reference CS for the European Union Pharmacopoeia, and it was selected by the US National Institutes of Health for their glucosamine/chondroitin trial.[8] In fact, most of the clinical research performed using CS has employed CS b-Bioactive; and in all clinical trials and over 10 years of pharmacovigilance, CS b-Bioactive has shown an excellent safety profile.*
In a landmark study, the comparable efficacy of 1200 mg/d of CS b-Bioactive versus standard intervention was tested. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled and comparative study, 194 subjects were studied for a two-year period. According to quantitative magnetic resonance, subjects supplemented with CS b-Bioactive showed slower progression of cartilage volume loss in the first year when compared to subjects on standard intervention. Furthermore, both interventions were found to be equally effective on comfort, function, ease of movement, and fluid accumulation.*[9]
A comprehensive review published by Cochrane in 2015 included 43 randomized controlled trials including 4962 participants treated with chondroitin sulfate; 4148 participants given placebo or another control were included. The review revealed that chondroitin (alone or in combination with glucosamine) was better than placebo for supporting joint comfort in short-term studies.*[10]
Glucosamine Sulfate Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino saccharide (glucose with a nitrogen-containing amino group attached) that is a principle substrate for cartilage synthesis.[11] Research suggests that glucosamine stimulates chondrocytes (cartilage cells), supports GAG synthesis, incorporates sulfur into cartilage tissue, induces hyaluronic acid (HA) production, and modulates prostaglandin (e.g., PGE2) synthesis. [12-14] Prostaglandins (specialized hormone-like fatty acids produced in the body) regulate a wide variety of bodily functions, including cytokine production and balance. Glucosamine sulfate was found to inhibit the release of PGE2, the activity of NF-kappaB, and the synthesis of COX-2 enzymes in human chondrocytes.*[15]
Most of the scientific research done on glucosamine has been performed using glucosamine sulfate. Oral doses of 1500 mg/d have shown clinical benefits in joint mobility and comfort.[12,16] Four capsules per day of Total Joint provide 1500 mg of glucosamine sulfate. It is postulated that even lower doses may nourish joint tissues, especially in combination with chondroitin sulfate.*
Several studies have confirmed that the benefits of combining glucosamine sulfate with chondroitin sulfate outweigh taking either alone.[17-19] During a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that followed 605 participants for two years, all study groups who had received glucosamine sulfate (1500 mg/d), chondroitin sulfate (800 mg/d), or a combination of the two experienced an improvement in joint comfort. However, only the group that received a combination of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate experienced a significant improvement in joint space.*[20]
A phase IV, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial (n = 606) compared the effects of chondroitin sulfate plus glucosamine hydrochloride—1200 mg and 1500 mg, respectively—versus a standard intervention. At six months, both interventions produced equivalent effects on knee comfort (50% improvement), ease of movement (~48% improvement), functional limitation (~45.95% improvement), and joint fluid accumulation (~50% improvement).*[21]
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) As an organosulfur compound, MSM is thought to primarily benefit joint tissues by delivering sulfur. Sulfur helps maintain the strength and structure of connective tissue by forming cross-linkages through disulfide bonds—such as those found in GAGs.[22] One joint study shows that glucosamine and MSM achieve better results when combined than when administered individually.*[23] Research suggests that MSM may reduce joint tissue damage triggered by free radicals and support muscle recovery after exercise through its antioxidant capacity. Though relatively high doses of MSM were used in exercise studies, the one gram provided in two servings of Total Joint can contribute to MSM dosing for exercise recovery.*[24-26]
Directions
Take two capsules twice daily, or as directed by your healthcare professional.
Consult your healthcare professional prior to use. Individuals taking warfarin or other
medication should discuss potential interactions with their healthcare professional. Do not use if tamper seal is damaged.
Formulated To Exclude
Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, dairy products, fish, peanuts, tree nuts, egg, ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), artificial colors, artificial sweeteners, and artificial preservatives.
ProbioMax DF (30vcaps)
